What do you mean by "Winter" temperatures? I live in an area where it gets down to -22f (-30C).
I mean I've accidentally left a blaster in my car in the middle of HVZ week and needed to change the batteries to get the thing working again. A battery functions because of a chemical reaction that produces a flow of electrons. Cool down that reaction and you also slow it down, yielding a lower power output. If you crack open a 9V battery it's really just 6 tiny cylinder batteries stacked together
like this. They are extremely susceptible to this phenomena because the individual battery piles are so small.
I have a problem however where it fails to load the belt and keeps turning over without the chain cogs grabbing. I end up needing to help feed it through. Is this a problem with the multi-level gear being improperly aligned?
From my experience this is more of a design flaw. The spring on the multi-level co-centric gear is aligned just fine. This is a safety feature designed to allow the operator of the blaster to pull a chain through without damaging the gears. Open up the blaster and notice a set of teeth that grab each other, but not incredibly tightly. These gears are design to pull apart enough to "slip" when enough force is applied; this occurs when the chain is pull through or when it's advance is prohibited. This is a really poor design because I have had Vulcans have many feeding issues similar to what you describe. See if you can put a stronger spring in that section, but if I recall these gears are stupid small, like 1/2" diameter tops, and you have to dissect your blaster fairly far to get to it. The other option is to fuse the two parts of the slip-gear together, but in the (likely) event of a jam, trying to pull the chain through would wreck your internals. Unless you modded the chain door to have a manual release
a la airzone punisher.
Long story short, your problems are related to the Vulcan being flawed, not really anything you did wrong.