Yeah 14 inches sounds a bit long but, I'm using these lengths: 2",4",6",8",10",12", and 14" of 1/2" cpvc for my project and I'm shooting 20 stefans out of each length of cpvc.
I think smaller increments would be better - 1" or even 1/2". CPVC is cheap.
Make sure your stefans are as consistent as possible, since that could be a major source of variability. Find a way to mount your gun on something so that you can fire it from the exact same position every time. If you have a bench vice, drag it outside and set it on one side of your lawn and then clamp the NiteFinder (Ideally you want it at shoulder level, but consistent positioning is more important). Grab a clipboard or a notebook, lay down a measuring tape (a rope with marks works too), and start shooting. It is very important that you perform at least two runs from each barrel; i.e., instead of shooting 20 all at once, shoot 10 at a time from each barrel, and then repeat the experiment again. This will reveal any drift in your data from factors you cannot control (darts getting shredded, temperature changing, etc.).
Read the articles here. cxwq's
Darts and Barrels article is great, and may be a good source to use. Take some measurements of the plunger tube and figure out how big of a volume of air the NF puts out (that info is probably floating around somewhere here). That should give you an idea of what the "ideal" barrel length should be. The actual best will probably be different - which is why an experiment is a good idea.